Category: Industry Sectors
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India’s Next Export Revolution Will Be Built Between Industries
The age of the self-contained sector is ending For much of the twentieth century, industrial policy was organised into separate boxes. Agriculture belonged to one ministry, automobiles to another, electronics to a third and energy to a fourth. Each sector received its own incentives, institutions, research facilities, regulations and export-promotion…
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India May Own More Green Power Without Owning the Green Technology
From energy shortage to energy transitionFor decades, India’s energy debate focused on scarcity. Industries faced power cuts, households lacked reliable electricity and imported oil placed pressure on the economy. Renewable energy entered the policy system first as an environmental alternative, but it has now become central to energy security, industrial…
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Quality Enforcement Is Quietly Redesigning the Pharmaceutical Industry
From medicine scarcity to the pharmacy of the worldAt independence, India depended heavily on imported medicines and foreign pharmaceutical companies. The expansion of domestic scientific capacity, process innovation and generic manufacturing gradually changed this position. India became a major supplier of affordable medicines to developing countries and an important source…
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When the Rulebook Moves Faster Than the Business
From Licence Raj to a New Age of Permission India’s economic history is often divided into two periods: the controlled economy before 1991 and the liberalised economy after it. This division is convenient, but incomplete. The old Licence Raj may have weakened, yet its basic instinct has not entirely disappeared.…
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When the Market Becomes the Middleman
For centuries, small businesses struggled because they could not reach the market. Today, millions can reach the market through a smartphone. A restaurant can find customers without opening another branch. An artisan sitting in a small town can display products nationally. A driver can find passengers without standing at a…
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When Capital Fears the Address More Than the Business The Risk That Exists Before the Entrepreneur Is Even Assessed We normally believe that money moves towards opportunity and away from risk. That sounds logical. But the real economy is not always logical. Capital does not respond only to actual risk.…
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The Institutional Distance Barrier
When an Institution Exists on the Map but Not in the Life of the Citizen India has spent decades building institutions. Banks have expanded into smaller towns. Government departments have district offices. Universities and technical institutions have multiplied. Courts exist across the country. MSME support organisations, industry associations, skill centres,…
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When an Economy Creates Millions of Businesses but Too Few Big Competitors
India has never had a shortage of entrepreneurs. Walk through Surat, Tiruppur, Ludhiana, Rajkot, Moradabad, Agra, Kanpur, Coimbatore or thousands of smaller industrial towns and you will find people who understand markets, production, bargaining and risk remarkably well. They build businesses with family savings, informal credit, rented workshops and a…
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