Category: international trade
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The Conditional Market: When Being Competitive Is No Longer Enough
A factory can make a good product, offer a fair price and find an interested buyer—and still struggle to secure the order. Its shipment may fall outside a favourable tariff quota. Its inputs may fail an origin requirement. Its production may depend on restricted technology. Its delivery system may be…
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When Geography Returns to Globalisation
When Geography Returns to Globalisation For almost three decades, globalisation created the impression that geography was becoming less important. Goods could be designed in America, manufactured in Asia, assembled somewhere else and sold across the world. Containerisation, large ports, cheap shipping and digital supply-chain systems made distance appear manageable. The…
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The Economic Security Doctrine
When Dependence Becomes a ThreatFor much of the last four decades, economic policy was built around a comforting belief: countries that traded more would fight less. Supply chains would cross borders, capital would move freely, technology would spread, and mutual dependence would make conflict too costly. The factory, the container…
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The Death of the Cheapest Supplier
For nearly half a century, modern procurement was built around a deceptively simple question: who can supply this product at the lowest possible price? Corporations searched the world for cheaper labour, cheaper land, lighter regulation, lower taxes and larger production economies. Suppliers were compared through spreadsheets, purchase prices were negotiated…
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The Global Economy of Strategic Redundancy
When Inefficiency Becomes a Form of Insurance For nearly four decades, the global economy was organised around a powerful idea: remove every spare cost. Companies reduced inventories, concentrated production in the cheapest locations, relied on a small number of highly efficient suppliers and moved goods through tightly timed logistics networks.…
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India’s Next Export Revolution Will Be Built Between Industries
The age of the self-contained sector is ending For much of the twentieth century, industrial policy was organised into separate boxes. Agriculture belonged to one ministry, automobiles to another, electronics to a third and energy to a fourth. Each sector received its own incentives, institutions, research facilities, regulations and export-promotion…
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When the Rulebook Moves Faster Than the Business
From Licence Raj to a New Age of Permission India’s economic history is often divided into two periods: the controlled economy before 1991 and the liberalised economy after it. This division is convenient, but incomplete. The old Licence Raj may have weakened, yet its basic instinct has not entirely disappeared.…
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When the Market Becomes the Middleman
For centuries, small businesses struggled because they could not reach the market. Today, millions can reach the market through a smartphone. A restaurant can find customers without opening another branch. An artisan sitting in a small town can display products nationally. A driver can find passengers without standing at a…
"Connecting communities, empowering nations: Unifying the Regional and Global Economy ." 